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Delivery Systems

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Net metering

Net metering is a regulatory policy that allows customers with certain types of distributed generation to net their electricity...

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Network electric distribution

The distribution feeder design refers to how distribution feeder lines are laid out and interconnected to provide service to customers,...

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New York ISO (NYISO)

The New York Independent System Operator, commonly called NYISO, is the organization responsible for managing New York’s electric grid...

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Non-spinning reserve

Non-spinning reserve comprises units that are not required to be synchronized to the frequency of the system but can be available within...

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North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)

As stated on the NERC website: “The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is a not-for-profit international regulatory...

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North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB)

The North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) serves as an industry forum for the development and promotion of standards promoting a...

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Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was created as an independent agency by Congress in 1974 to ensure the safe use of...

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Nuclear electric generation

The use of nuclear energy for power generation became a commercial technology in the 1960s and grew rapidly in some countries around the...

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Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor initiates and controls a fission chain reaction to produce neutrons and/or energy. Nuclear fission is a process where...

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Ohm (Ω)

The ohm is the unit used as measure of the resistance to flow of electricity in a material. The scientific symbol for electrical...

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Operating reserve

Operating reserve describes the supply resource capacity that is available to the system operator within a short interval of time to...

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Overpressure protection

Gas pipelines and piping systems must not be operated at pressures in excess of Maximum Allowable Operation Pressure (MAOP). Various...

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Pack and draft

Pack and draft is the ability to store natural gas in the pipe and is a key factor in control of a pipeline system. Packing refers to...

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Peak demand

Peak demand, also called peak load, refers to the maximum amount of electric demand created by a customer or a group of customers during...

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Peaking generation

Use of generation is often divided into three categories — baseload, which is generation run all 24 hours of the day; intermediate, which...

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Petroleum electric generation

In regions with limited coal and/or natural gas supplies, utilities often make use of petroleum as a fuel for thermal power plants. In...

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Phase (in power systems)

While we are used to thinking of electric voltage and current as being constant (for instance, receiving 120 V service) in reality the...

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Phasor measurement unit (PMU)

A phasor measurement unit, also called a PMU or a synchrophasor, is a key tool used on electric systems to improve operators’ visibility...

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Photovoltaic cells

Photovoltaic conversion generates electricity directly from sunlight. Certain materials have the property to produce electric flow when...

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Photovoltaic solar power

Photovoltaic, or solar, cells are semiconductor materials that, when struck by sufficient amounts of light, cause electrons to flow....

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