0
min to read
North America has five regional grids comprised of numerous interconnected transmission systems. These are the Eastern, Western, Texas,...
Transmission lines are the cables and supporting equipment that carry large amounts of power at high voltages from generating plants,...
Transmission substations are located where two transmission lines meet. They may tie together multiple lines owned by a single...
Electric transmission is the movement of large amounts of electricity over long distances. The transmission system is the electrical...
Electricity is measured in two ways: using units of demand or capacity and using units of energy or usage. Units of demand/capacity...
Because most customers cannot accept power at distribution voltage, it is usually lowered to the desired service voltage by a service...
Electricity is simply the flow of electrons through a conductor. Electrons are the tiny negatively charged particles that are found in...
Losses of electricity through the delivery system are significant. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that losses...
While significant incidents involving natural gas are rare and natural gas pipelines are statistically a safe form of transport compared...
Emergency valves are any valves used to isolate gas pipeline sections or a facility in an emergency. Emergency valves have special code...
The term end user refers to an energy consumer that uses the energy for its own needs. Typical classes of end users include residential,...
Energy efficiency reduces overall energy intensity for a specific energy use without concern for the timing of the use. It is a permanent...
An energy storage standard is a regulatory mandate or target directing utilities or load-serving entities to build – or contract for...
An essential facility is a gas or electric company that has some competition but, due to the nature of the business, competition is...
ERSs provide bulk system operators with voltage control, frequency support, and ramping capability needed to balance and maintain the...
In ISO markets, market participants sometimes incur congestion costs that are in excess of the standard transmission rates. These...
In an AC system, frequency is the rate at which the electron flow changes direction. Frequency is measured in hertz, abbreviated as Hz,...
Also called automatic generation control (AGC), frequency regulation is used to manage the second-by-second fluctuations in the system...
Frequency response is the ability of a bulk electric system, or elements of that system, to react or respond to a change in system...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts a fuel's chemical energy directly into electricity. Fuel cells have no moving...
