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In the future some residential energy consumers may become “prosumers,” who are both providers and consumers of electric grid services....
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Hubs (also called market centers) are common places for market participants to trade gas or electricity. Hubs are used for physical...
Human performance is the practice of proactively preventing unwanted outcomes triggered by human error. According to the North American...
Under the hybrid market model customers have the option of buying electric supply from a competitive retailer or choosing to continue...
Hydrokinetic power is electricity derived by converting the kinetic energy of moving water into electricity. Hydrokinetic power uses the...
Hydropower is electricity derived by converting the kinetic energy of moving water using impoundment or diversion. Hydropower is the...
Hydropower plants with large dams used to contain water in a reservoir are called impoundment facilities. The ability to store water is...
In some areas, traditional cost-of-service regulation is being supplemented with incentive regulation also known as performance-based...
An independent system operator, or ISO, is an independent organization that handles electric grid operations, market facilitation for...
(aka Non-utility generator) Independent power producers, commonly called IPPs, are independent owners of generation that are not part of...
Gas and electric utility rate structures and regulatory rules typically classify industrial customers as a unique class. Industrial...
An insulator is a material that has such low conductivity that the flow of electricity through the material is negligible. The ability of...
A new technology currently in the demonstration phase is the integrated gas combined-cycle or IGCC generator. While none of the basic...
Intermediate demand, also called intermediate load, refers to the amount of electric demand created by a customer or a group of customers...
Use of generation is often divided into three categories — baseload, which is generation run all 24 hours of the day; intermediate, which...
An inverter, sometimes called a power inverter, is an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) power to alternating current...
Investor-owned utilities, or IOUs, are for-profit corporations owned by either public or private shareholders. Most are publicly owned...
A power island, often simply called an island, is an energized section of circuits separate from the larger system. For an island to...
Lightning arresters are important transmission and distribution system protective devices, especially in geographic areas prone to large...
A fuse is a device that provides protection to electrical circuits by melting a fusible link when current exceeding its rating flows...
