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Electrification is the act of consumers adopting new electric end-use technologies. In a developed economy such as the U.S., this...
The electrochemical effect converts chemical energy to electrical energy. Devices that utilize the electrochemical effect include...
Electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces known to occur in nature. This force results in a physical interaction that...
The term end user refers to an energy consumer that uses the energy for its own needs. Typical classes of end users include residential,...
The energy used in an electrical system is measured at the retail level in units of kilowatt-hours or kWh. At the wholesale market level...
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Following the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the concept of independent power producers (IPPs) became a trend in the...
An energy charge (also called a usage charge or a variable charge) collects for the amount of electricity or gas used by a customer....
Energy efficiency reduces overall energy intensity for a specific energy use without concern for the timing of the use. It is a permanent...
Marketers generally purchase electricity from generators and/or natural gas from producers, and then resell it to utilities, end users,...
Energy services companies, or ESCOs, evolved in the regulated model to offer services beyond the regulated services offered by utility...
An energy storage standard is a regulatory mandate or target directing utilities or load-serving entities to build – or contract for...
An essential facility is a gas or electric company that has some competition but, due to the nature of the business, competition is...
ERSs provide bulk system operators with voltage control, frequency support, and ramping capability needed to balance and maintain the...
An expense is an expenditure other than capital. Most expenses are a primary component of a utility’s revenue requirement (along with...
In July 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order 1000 titled Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation. The...
In an attempt to push the industry toward its desired market model, FERC issued Order 2000 (actually issued December 15, 1999), which...
On April 24, 1996, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order No. 888, which required public utilities to provide open...
In 1977, the Department of Energy Organization Act created the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), a successor agency to the...
The regulatory agency created by the Natural Gas Act was the Federal Power Commission (FPC). The original FPC was charged with a number...
Federal power marketing administrations are entities created by the U.S. government to market the power output of federal projects —...
