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The heat rate of a power plant is a quantity that reflects the amount of fuel required to generate one unit of electrical energy. The...
Hedging is a risk management strategy designed to offset potential losses. The reduction in risk has a cost, which may be paid upfront,...
Henry Hub, located in Erath, Louisiana, interconnects multiple natural gas pipelines, meaning that gas can be transferred from one...
In the future some residential energy consumers may become “prosumers,” who are both providers and consumers of electric grid services....
Hubs (also called market centers) are common places for market participants to trade gas or electricity. Hubs are used for physical...
Under the hybrid market model customers have the option of buying electric supply from a competitive retailer or choosing to continue...
An independent system operator, or ISO, is an independent organization that handles electric grid operations, market facilitation for...
(aka Non-utility generator) Independent power producers, commonly called IPPs, are independent owners of generation that are not part of...
Intermediate demand, also called intermediate load, refers to the amount of electric demand created by a customer or a group of customers...
LNG units can be complex because different units are used to measure natural gas in its gaseous and liquid forms. And since LNG is a...
Load forecasting is the process of creating a forecast of the amount of gas or electric load expected on a system during a specified...
In many regions, the term load serving entity (LSE) is used to refer to any electric market participant that provides supply to end-use...
Locational marginal pricing, commonly called LMP, is a means of pricing electricity in organized wholesale markets facilitated by...
The marginal heat rate represents the assumed heat rate of the marginal unit at a specific market location given the market price of...
The market-to-market (MTM) value of a portfolio of physical and financial assets is the current value of the portfolio if it were...
Market-based rates refers to prices charged by regulated entities such as generators, electric transmission lines, gas pipelines, gas...
Merchant generators are electric generation entities that create revenues by participating in competitive electric markets. Some in the...
The natural gas delivery chain comprises three groups: upstream (generally associated with the production aspect of the industry),...
A monopoly is a business situation in which a corporation — through market power or a government-granted franchise — is either the only...
In some areas, local governments are responsible for providing electric or gas services rather than having the services provided by...
