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In markets where the system operations function has been moved to an Independent System Operator (ISO), the term transmission owner, or...
Transmission rights are used by generators and/or marketers to ensure delivery of power to a point of sale. Given the current state of...
The “service” that natural gas and electric end users receive actually comprises two services: commodity (the supply of natural gas or...
A utility distribution company (UDC) is an electric utility that provides distribution services. As electric markets are restructured,...
Under the vertically integrated monopoly utility model, electric generation, transmission, distribution, retail sales, and system...
In the energy industry, wholesale customers are entities that buy natural gas or electric supply for the purpose of reselling it....
Various factors influence the price of electricity at any given location at any point in time. Generally speaking, market-based prices...
Wholesale marketers are entities that purchase natural gas or electric supply for the purposes or reselling the supply to other market...
Under the wholesale/industrial competition model, the utility remains responsible for providing supply to residential and small...
Zero carbon describes a process that has no greenhouse gas emissions. It differs from net zero carbon in that net zero allows for...
There are generation technologies other than renewable generation that can provide energy without emissions. To recognize these, some...
A zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) credit is a tradeable financial instrument that provides zero-emissions vehicle manufacturers with a...
A zero-emissions vehicle mandate program, commonly called a ZEV mandate program, is a government regulation that requires manufacturers...
