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Power-to-gas is a technique used to create clean sources of natural gas using electricity (often excess renewable electricity). This is...
Pressure testing is the practice of subjecting pipes or pipeline systems to pressure far above operating pressure to confirm the...
A price index is a formula for calculating the market price of a commodity based on one or more sources of pricing information. A basic...
Price risk is the possibility that a commodity price change will cause financial losses for the buyer or seller of a commodity such as...
Another common over-the-counter (OTC) derivative is known as a price swap. Here someone holding an electric supply asset (either...
Key properties of natural gas include the following: Gas is tasteless, colorless, odorless, and non-toxic (gas is odorized after it...
In 1978, the U.S. Congress passed the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), which contained measures to encourage more...
RIIO (the name is taken from the equation Revenues = Incentives + Innovation + Outputs) is a form of performance-based regulation applied...
Rate design is the process of determining how authorized revenues will be collected from customers through utility charges. Once a...
In recent years, typical authorized rates of returns for utilities in the U.S. have been between 9 and 10%. Cost-of-service ratemaking...
Reciprocating compressors use pistons driven by a crankshaft to squeeze gas into smaller volumes, thus increasing the pressure of the...
A red tag is a notice placed on a customer facility when a utility company employee or a city or county inspector notes an unsafe...
Regasification, also called vaporization, is the final step in the LNG process when LNG is returned to its original gaseous form. LNG is...
A gas regulation station is a facility that includes multiple regulators that reduce gas pressure to the operating pressure appropriate...
Federal regulation of the natural gas and electricity industries is applied to facilities or commodity transactions involved in...
In the mid to late 1800s, the utility industry rapidly developed in an environment of open competition. Most cities and states believed...
Note: This entry refers to an agency that regulates an energy company, not the piece of natural gas equipment that regulates pressure....
The relationship between regulators and utilities is often described as the regulatory compact. This means that in return for government...
Reliability is a measure of the electric or natural gas system’s ability to provide supply to consumers when they desire to use the...
Renewable natural gas (RNG or biogas) can be a substitute for pipeline quality gas and gas used for transportation fuel either as...
