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Natural gas pipelines require routine maintenance such as internal cleaning and continual monitoring for leakage or other pipeline...
An advantage to plastic pipe is that it can be squeezed to temporarily stop the flow of natural gas. This is a common way to cut off gas...
Steel pipe strength is defined by the minimum yield strength of the steel, the diameter of the pipe, and the wall thickness. This will...
The relationship between operating pressures, pipe strength, pipe wall thickness, and pipe diameter is defined by the equation called the...
An important design factor for steel pipe is toughness. Toughness is a measure of the resistance of the steel to brittle cracking...
Since steel pipe sections must be welded in the field to construct a pipeline, a key design factor is the weldability of pipe....
Pipeline quality gas is natural gas that has been processed to remove contaminants and to establish a heating vale that meets specific...
A potential transformer (PT) is a device that lowers the voltage going to metering equipment. It is similar to a current transformer...
A power flow model, sometimes called a network model, is a mathematical representation of a bulk electric system or a distribution grid....
A power pool is an entity that handles scheduling and dispatch functions for a group of power plants owned by multiple entities. Power...
A power system stabilizer (PSS) is a control system installed on a generation unit that monitors variables such as current, voltage, and...
Smaller municipal utilities and/or public utility districts (PUDs), often work together to own generation and transmission. They do so by...
Pumped storage plants are like impoundment hydropower plants but with reservoirs above and below the turbine and with the capability of...
The distribution feeder design dictates how distribution feeder lines are laid out and interconnected to provide service to customers,...
Reciprocating compressors use pistons driven by a crankshaft to squeeze gas into smaller volumes, thus increasing the pressure of the...
A reciprocating engine is a machine that uses the kinetic energy of repetitively moving pistons to create pressure that is then converted...
A reclosing breaker, often simply called a recloser, is a type of circuit breaker that, upon sensing a fault, automatically resets itself...
A red tag is a notice placed on a customer facility when a utility company employee or a city or county inspector notes an unsafe...
Regulating reserve is capacity comprising sources of supply whose output can be increased (ramped up or incremented) or decreased (ramped...
A gas regulation station is a facility that includes multiple regulators that reduce gas pressure to the operating pressure appropriate...
