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The term net zero describes processes or entities that either have no net greenhouse gas emissions (often called net zero carbon, net...
Producers measure the value of any given sale on the basis of a netback calculation. This calculation takes the price of gas in the...
Buyers of natural gas measure the value of a supply option on the basis of a netforward calculation. This calculation takes the price of...
The New York Independent System Operator, commonly called NYISO, is the organization responsible for managing New York’s electric grid...
When it began gas restructuring in 1988, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) divided gas utility customers into two...
Open access refers to regulatory rules that require owners of essential energy assets such as electric transmission and distribution...
An option is a contract that provides a right, but not an obligation, to purchase or sell an underlying asset at a specific price within...
Over-the-counter, OTC, refers to the trading of commodities, contracts, or derivatives not listed on an exchange. OTC instruments tend to...
Peak demand, also called peak load, refers to the maximum amount of electric demand created by a customer or a group of customers during...
A power pool is an entity that handles scheduling and dispatch functions for a group of power plants owned by multiple entities. Power...
A price index is a formula for calculating the market price of a commodity based on one or more sources of pricing information. A basic...
Price risk is the possibility that a commodity price change will cause financial losses for the buyer or seller of a commodity such as...
Another common over-the-counter (OTC) derivative is known as a price swap. Here someone holding an electric supply asset (either...
The first move toward restructuring of U.S. electricity markets occurred in 1978, when Congress passed PURPA. Passed during the 1970s...
Smaller municipal utilities and/or public utility districts (PUDs), often work together to own generation and transmission. They do so by...
In 1978, the U.S. Congress passed the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), which contained measures to encourage more...
An RTO is a formal designation by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). In most cases, RTOs and Independent System...
Regulating reserve is capacity comprising sources of supply whose output can be increased (ramped up or incremented) or decreased (ramped...
Federal regulation of the natural gas and electricity industries is applied to facilities or commodity transactions involved in...
A renewable energy credit, commonly called a REC, is a tradeable financial instrument that allows the owner of a renewable facility to...
