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A renewable portfolio standard, often called an RPS, is a regulatory requirement obligating utilities, generation authorities, or...
Replacement reserve comprises units that are available with a longer lead time than other reserves, commonly 30 minutes from...
The long-term balance of electric supply and demand in a specific market region is evaluated by looking at the reserve margin. The...
Natural gas and electric utility rate structures and regulatory rules typically classify residential customers as a unique class....
A retail marketer is a non-utility entity that sells electric supply, natural gas supply, and other energy services directly to end-use...
Risk management refers to techniques used to control and limit an organization’s exposure to financial risks. Risk management is often...
A service territory defines the geographic area where a utility is allowed and required to provide services. Typically, a utility has...
Settlement refers to the calculation, billing, and invoicing of charges and payments for market services in electric or natural gas...
Under the single-buyer electric market model, the utility company creates a supply purchasing group whose job is to competitively procure...
SPP is a regional transmission organization (RTO) that coordinates dispatch and transmission of wholesale electricity in parts of 14...
The spark spread is a quantity that represents the difference between the wholesale market price of electricity and the cost of producing...
Speculation is the act of taking on risk with the goal of making money. To understand the use of financial instruments, you must clearly...
Spinning reserve is provided by resources that are not putting energy onto the grid but are synchronized to the frequency of the system...
In the energy business, a spot market is a commodities market in which the commodity is sold for cash and is delivered to a specific...
A stranded cost refers to the amount invested in an asset that exceeds the market value of that asset. Stranded costs often arise during...
Supply-side competition refers to competition between providers of a commodity. In natural gas markets it refers to competition between...
TVA is a corporation owned by the United States government. TVA provides wholesale electricity in seven southern states as well as...
Trading arrangements define how business transactions are performed to allow energy, reserves, and other ancillary services to be...
A transmission system operator (TSO) is a stand-alone natural gas or electric transmission company that owns transmission facilities and...
Transmission companies, or transcos, are independent owners of transmission facilities. They are commonly investor-owned, and like IOUs...
