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A closure is a cap that threads or clamps at the open end of pipe. When blowdown stacks are installed in gas pipeline systems, a closure...
Coincident peak demand is the demand of a customer or group of customers at the time of the electric or gas system’s peak demand. The...
A highly efficient way to use gas to generate electricity is to combine a gas combustion turbine with a steam turbine in a power plant...
Gas and electric utility rate structures and regulatory rules typically classify commercial customers as a unique class. Commercial...
A commodity is a product that is mass produced and unspecialized, and as such it is easily interchangeable with a similar product from...
Consumers or other parties who believe that a utility or other regulated energy company has failed to follow the law or applicable...
Compressed natural gas or CNG is natural gas that has been compressed to a pressure of 3,000 to 3,600 pounds per square inch (psi) so...
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. This is accomplished by confining a...
Compressors and related equipment on a gas transmission system are contained in compressor stations. Stations consist of one or more...
Construction work in progress, commonly called CWIP, is a balance sheet account in which all costs associated with the construction of...
Conventional natural gas is produced from a well drilled into a geological formation in which the reservoir and fluid characteristics...
When it began gas restructuring in 1988, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) divided gas utility customers into two...
A key cause of pipe failure in steel pipelines is corrosion. Without proper corrosion protection, every steel pipe will eventually...
The first step in the utility ratemaking process is a determination of the utility’s authorized rate of return, also known as its cost of...
A cubic foot, or cf, is the most common unit of measurement of gas volume. One cf of natural gas is the amount of gas required to fill a...
A curtailment is an event where energy services are temporarily unavailable. The term most commonly refers to an end-use customer’s gas...
A customer charge (also called a service charge or facility charge) is a fixed monthly charge that is applied to each utility account....
Traditionally, end users of gas or electricity have been categorized according to the rate class they were placed in by their local...
Investor-owned utilities and other publicly traded companies typically finance their capital needs with a combination of debt and equity....
Decoupling is a regulatory mechanism designed to adjust future rates so that actual utility revenues match the revenues used to set...
