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A demand charge is based on the maximum usage by a customer within a given time frame and often varies from month to month. Most commonly...
Demand response, or DR, is a form of demand side management (DSM) that reduces demand during specific times or shifts demand across time....
DSM is the modification of consumer demand for energy and may be used to: reduce customer load during peak demand or during supply...
To ensure market liquidity in competitive markets, there must be many sellers and also many buyers. One without the other does not make...
The United States Department of Energy is a cabinet-level executive department of the federal government responsible for energy policy...
The general concept behind depreciation is that most assets lose value over time. The loss of value comes through effects of wear and...
The term deregulation describes modification of regulatory rules to provide for competition in certain sectors in the industry. In some...
A disallowance, also called a regulatory disallowance or cost disallowance, is an investor-owned utility expenditure that regulators do...
Distribution lines include four types: Supply main This is the pipe that runs between the interconnection with the transmission system...
A distribution network operator, also called a DNO, is a distribution gas or electric utility that focuses solely on construction,...
Distribution pipe installed today may be steel or plastic. Typical pipe thickness is 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch for steel, and 1/2 inch or...
The natural gas delivery chain comprises three groups: upstream (generally associated with the production aspect of the industry),...
An EV is a vehicle that uses one or more electric or traction motors for propulsion. The electric motor may be powered by batteries, an...
While significant incidents involving natural gas are rare and natural gas pipelines are statistically a safe form of transport compared...
Emergency valves are any valves used to isolate gas pipeline sections or a facility in an emergency. Emergency valves have special code...
The term end user refers to an energy consumer that uses the energy for its own needs. Typical classes of end users include residential,...
The energy used in an electrical system is measured at the retail level in units of kilowatt-hours or kWh. At the wholesale market level...
An energy charge (also called a usage charge or a variable charge) collects for the amount of electricity or gas used by a customer....
Energy efficiency reduces overall energy intensity for a specific energy use without concern for the timing of the use. It is a permanent...
Marketers generally purchase electricity from generators and/or natural gas from producers, and then resell it to utilities, end users,...
